Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, qhov zoo ntawm cov kav dej faus yog ntau thiab ntau dua los ntawm cov pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm faus cov kav dej xau kuj tau ua tiag tiag. Feem ntau cov kav dej faus tau muab tso rau hauv cov av saum toj kawg nkaus, thiab qhov chaw sib txawv hauv cov av ua rau cov kav dej sib txawv.
Hlau corrosion yog muab faib ua tshuaj corrosion thiab electrochemical corrosion, uas electrochemical corrosion occupies feem ntau. Nws yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum muaj hlau electrode, electrolyte raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab conductive voj. Lub corrosion ntawm faus pipeline feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm electrochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau hom kev xeb, xws li galvanic corrosion, microbial corrosion, concentration corrosion thiab lwm yam.
Galvanic corrosion yog qhov corrosion tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv vim yog cov qauv ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej. Microbial corrosion yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob corrosion, uas kuj yog ib hom electrochemical corrosion, tab sis nws qhov nruab nrab hloov lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv sib cuag vim yog kev nthuav tawm thiab cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob corrosive.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm corrosion, qhov zoo tshaj plaws anticorrosion txoj kev ntawm faus pipeline yog ua ke ntawm anticorrosive txheej thiab cathodic tiv thaiv. Anticorrosive txheej muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab tuab raws li cov yeeb nkab sib txawv, ib puag ncig hauv av thiab engineering anticorrosive cov cai thiab kev tsim kho.
Cov txheej txheem anticorrosive yog cov khoom siv insulating siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab, uas cais cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov electrolyte hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv thiab tshem tawm txoj kev corrosive cell los tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau 99 feem pua ntawm cov haujlwm tiv thaiv corrosion. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom siv organic, nws yuav muaj hnub nyoog dhau sijhawm. Lub hnub ci yuav ua rau kom muaj kev laus, thiab cov ntsiab lus to yuav tshwm sim tom qab muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Kev tiv thaiv Cathodic yog ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv corrosion los tiv thaiv faus cov kav dej raws li txoj cai galvanic cell. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: txiab anode cathodic tiv thaiv thiab siv tam sim no cathodic tiv thaiv. Sacrificial anode cathodic tiv thaiv siv cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj zog ntau dua li cov hlau, xws li magnesium lossis aluminium, ua ib qho anode, uas yog faus rau hauv av thiab txuas nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb los tsim ib qho anode hauv av.
Cov ntawv thov tam sim no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom yuam kom cov tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ib puag ncig mus rau cov qauv tiv thaiv los ntawm lub koom haum pab anode, thiaj li tshem tawm corrosion. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem hu ua kev tiv thaiv cathodic tam sim no.